Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the broad science of building machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks like reasoning and problem-solving. Machine Learning (ML) is a specific subset of AI where computers analyze massive datasets to learn patterns automatically, rather than being explicitly programmed with step-by-step rules.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): The overarching umbrella. It includes ML, but also traditional rule-based programs (like a mortgage approval system based purely on written conditions) and other disciplines like robotics, computer vision, and Natural Language Processing (NLP).